![]() Findings can inform the development of more effective interventions for academic functioning for students with ASDs. Although this study may have been impacted by homogeneity in the participants, it investigates a relationship between visual processing biases, fine motor difficulties, visual-motor integration and academic achievement that has received little attention in the literature. Based on the results, the speed of processing plays an important role on VMI skills and academic achievement, more so than the local processing bias. In addition to VMI-V, fine motor skills related to writing achievement, and BG-II related to math achievement. Regression analyses indicated that VMI-V predicted all domains of academic achievement. Regression analyses for VMI indicated the best predictors for the BG-II (p < 0.001) were the TVPS-3 and Navon Completion Time the best predictor for the VMI-V (p< 0.001) was the TVPS-3. Students with ASDs demonstrated increased difficulty compared to TD students on the NEPSY-II (p = 0.01) and slower completion time on the Navon Task (p = 0.01). A series of t-tests indicated the TVPS-3 (p=0.72), Navon Task (p= 0.78), BG-II (p = 0.39), and VMI-V (p = 0.14) were not significantly different between groups. Additional hypotheses analyzed the relationship between (4) local processing bias and fine motor difficulties on VMI ability and (5) local processing bias, fine motor difficulties, and VMI difficulties on academic achievement. Three hypotheses examined whether students with ASDs were more likely than TD peers to have: (1) a visual processing bias (2) fine motor difficulties and (3) VMI difficulties. Forty-five participants (22 ASD and 23 Typically Developing ) 8 to 14 years old completed the Bender-Gestalt Test, Second Edition (BG II), Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, 5th Edition (VMI-V), NEPSY Second Edition (NEPSY-II), Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3 (TVPS-3), Navon Task, Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Second Edition, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition, Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, Second Edition, and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire. ASDs have been described as neurological and developmental disorders impacting visual, motor, and visual-motor integration (VMI) abilities that affect academic achievement (CDC, 2010). Compare our cost per dose to what you pay now.Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect 1 in every 88 U.S. Immunize pets against major health risks. is a weaker pump (only up to 260 mmHg) that’s not hospital-grade. is smaller (5 x 3 x 1.8 inches) weighs just 0.5 lbs. lasts up to 3 hours (2x Spectra S9’s battery power) Spectra S9. Fast and easy for you - easy on your pet. is heavier (2.42 lbs) is a hospital-grade pump that’s more powerful (up to 270 mmHg) has more customizable settings. Compare the advantages Spectra ® vaccines have to to offer: You’ll find more good news in savings, Spectra ® vaccines reduce the cost of vaccination. Here at The Breastfeeding Shop, we understand that new moms and dads have a lot of different options. We cover the features and benefits of each of the FREE breast pumps from Spectra, Medela, Motif, Freemie, Elvie, Ameda, and more. Check out our helpful breast pump comparison chart. Bordetella bronchiseptica (Kennel Cough) Offering More Than Just ABreast Pump Comparison Chart.The complete line keeps your dog protected from serious viral and bacterial diseases such as: Canine Spectra ® vaccines keep you happy and your pet safe by offering easy to use USDA approved, single-dose, multi-protection vaccines. With the abundance of vaccine choices and varying costs, you may find yourself wondering what the best decision is for your pet. As a pet parent, you may feel overwhelmed when it comes to choosing the right protection for your dog.
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